A feasibility study for the development of sustainable theoretical framework for smart air-conditioning

Air-conditioning as a technical solution to protect inhabitants from excessive heat exposure creates the challenge of expanding global warming and climate change. While air-conditioning has mostly been applied as an improvement to living conditions, health and environmental problems associated with its use frequently occur. Therefore, this study challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability-related to smart air-conditioning systems, where social, environmental and economic dynamics were considered. For instance, when exploring renewable-based options, advanced smart control techniques and profitability measures of air-conditioning reinforce the three pillars of sustainability. In addition to eradicating indoor health effects, this also helps to combat climate change through the system’s sustainability. As an exercise in conceptual modelling, the principal component analysis accounts for sustainable planning and its integration into the theoretical framework. The newly proposed photovoltaic solar air-conditioning was optimised using Polysun to demonstrate the significant application of solar energy in air-conditioning systems, thereby reducing the level of energy consumption and carbon emissions. The newly proposed fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller and backpropagation neural network were optimised using Matlab to control the indoor temperature and CO2 level appropriately. The controller of the indoor environment was designed, and the proportional-integral-derivative control was utilised as a result of its suitability. The smart controllers were designed to regulate the parameters automatically to ensure an optimised control output. The performance of photovoltaic solar air-conditioning in different temperate climates of Rome, Toulouse and London districts achieved a higher coefficient of performance of 3.37, 3.69 and 3.97, respectively. The system saved significant amount of energy and carbon emissions. The indoor temperature and indoor CO2 possess an appropriate time constant and settling time, respectively. The profitability assessment of the system revealed its adequate efficiency with an overall payback period of 5.5 years

Mass Retrofitting of an Energy Efficient Low Carbon Zone

By way of urban morphology, the design, layout and texture of district centres, neighbourhoods and buildings have as much a bearing on levels of energy consumption and rates of carbon emission as either buildings or their occupation: these recent discoveries propose urban morphology matters and both the design, layout and texture of district centres, neighbourhoods and buildings are as significant in setting levels of energy consumption and rates of carbon emission as the occupation and use of such structures. This thesis aims to reinforce this message and demonstrate how urban morphology does make a difference. Not only with respect to the geometry (i.e. surface and volume of the building design typologies), construction systems, or occupational behaviours, that such studies drawn particular attention to,but with regards to a matter which has been previously ignored. That is with regards to the potential which the planning, (re)development, design and layout of district centres and their neighbourhoods as context-specific transformations have, to not only lower levels of energy consumption and rate of carbon emission, but to uncover the significance of and particular contribution renewables makes to the mass retrofit proposals currently underway across Europe.The approach this thesis presented adopts a key-component-based analysis ofrenewables in mass retrofit proposals and procedural modelling the geometry of thisurban morphology is founded on. As an exercise in procedural modelling, the keycomponent analysis also accounts for the renewables of mass retrofits in relation to the context of the application and with respect to the urban from of the buildings andtheir integration into the proposal. This in turn allows for the findings of this study to interpret the significance renewables take in the mass retrofit proposal, energy consumption and carbon emissions, it in turn generates as an energy efficient-low carbon zone and able to tackle global warming and combat climate change.In this way, the thesis uncovers the significance of renewable as a source of clean energy in mass retrofit proposal and particular contribution it makes to levels of energy consumption and carbon emission. It means that for this thesis renewables are the key components of the mass retrofit it promotes to reduce levels of energy consumption and lower carbon emission, vis-à-vis establish energy efficient-low carbon zones as an exercise in the development of sustainable suburbs whose status as city-districts not only tackle global warming but also combat climate chang